Labari Daya Da Za A Fahimta: Dalilin Da Ya Sa Gilashin Chalcogenide Ya Zama Kayan Aiki Mai Sauƙi Ga Matatun Infrared Na Tsaka-tsaki Zuwa Nesa

Tambayi duk wani injiniyan gani na infrared menene matsalar zaɓin kayan da ta fi wahala a cikin layin infrared na tsakiya zuwa nesa, kuma wataƙila za ku sami amsar iri ɗaya: nemo kayan da ke da haske sosai a lokaci guda a cikin tsakiyar zuwa nesa-infrared, mai ƙarfi sosai a cikin injiniya, kuma mai iya tsira daga yanayin aiki na gaske - yana da matuƙar wahala.

Germanium yana da kyau, amma yana da tsada kuma yana da iyaka ga madauri. Lu'ulu'u masu ɗauke da fluoride suna da faɗin watsawa, amma suna da matuƙar hygroscopic kuma suna fara narkewa ko da a cikin yanayi mai ɗan danshi. Silicon yana aiki da kyau a tsakiyar infrared, amma watsawar sa ta fara raguwa sosai fiye da 8μm kuma ya zama bai dace da tsawon raƙuman infrared masu nisa ba.

Gilashin Chalcogenide yana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan mafita kaɗan ga wannan matsalar zaɓi.

Menene Gilashin Chalcogenide, kuma Me Yasa Ya Fi Kyau a Tsakanin Infrared Zuwa Nesa?

Gilashin Chalcogenide wani abu ne na gilashi mara tsari wanda galibi ya ƙunshi abubuwan Rukunin VI—sulfur (S), selenium (Se), da tellurium (Te). Abubuwan da aka saba haɗawa sun haɗa da As-S, As-Se, Ge-Sb-Se, Ge-As-Se-Te, da sauran nau'ikan sinadarai daban-daban.

Babban dalilin da ya sa yake da kyau a watsa shi a cikin infrared mai tsaka-tsaki zuwa nesa yana cikin ƙarancin kuzarin haɗin sinadarai na haɗin sa.

Ana tantance watsawar infrared ta hanyar yawan yankewar phonon na kayan - mitar girgizar sinadarai tsakanin atoms tana tantance gefen sha don hasken infrared. Ƙarancin kuzarin haɗin gwiwa da kuma yawan atomic yana haifar da ƙarancin mitoci na phonon, wanda ke ba da damar kayan su watsa tsawon tsayin infrared.

Sinadaran Chalcogen suna da yawan sinadarin atomic. Lokacin da suka samar da sinadarai masu hade da arsenic, germanium, da sauran abubuwa, kuzarin haɗin yana da ƙasa, kuma mitar yankewar phonon na iya wuce 10μm ko ma fiye da haka. Wannan yana bawa gilashin chalcogenide damar kiyaye watsawa mai yawa a duk faɗin tagar infrared mai tsawon zango 8-14μm da kuma bayanta. A akasin haka, gilashin oxide kamar SiO₂ suna da ƙarfin haɗin Si–O mai yawa, tare da mitoci na yankewar phonon kusan 4-5μm, wanda hakan ke sa su zama ba a iya gani sosai a cikin infrared mai tsawon zango—shi ya sa ba za ku iya ganin komai ta gilashin yau da kullun tare da hoton zafi ba.

Tsarin gilashi daban-daban na chalcogenide yana da kewayon watsawa daban-daban. Tsarin da ke tushen sulfur (misali, As₂S₃) yana da taga watsawa daga kimanin 0.6μm zuwa 11μm. Tsarin da ke tushen selenium (misali, As₂Se₃) na iya faɗaɗa fiye da 15μm. Tsarin da ke tushen Tellurium yana da faɗaɗa watsawa, yana kaiwa sama da 20μm. Wannan sauƙin daidaitawa yana bawa gilashin chalcogenide damar rufe madaukai da yawa na aikace-aikace—daga tsakiyar raƙuman ruwa zuwa dogon raƙuman ruwa har ma da infrared mai tsayi sosai—yana ba da sassauci mafi girma fiye da kowane abu mai lu'ulu'u ɗaya.

Kwatanta da Germanium: Kowannensu yana da Ƙarfinsa, amma Gilashin Chalcogenide yana ba da damar maye gurbinsa na musamman

Germanium shine kayan da aka fi amfani da su a cikin na'urorin hangen nesa na tsakiya zuwa nesa na infrared. Ma'aunin haskensa na 8-14μm kusan 4.0 ne, yana ba da kyakkyawan ƙarfin tattara haske, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama babban zaɓi ga ruwan tabarau na ɗaukar hoto na zafi.

Duk da haka, germanium yana da ƙuntatawa guda uku masu mahimmanci:

Na farko, canjin farashi. Germanium wani ƙarfe ne mai matuƙar wahalar samu wanda ke da wadataccen mai a duk duniya. Sakamakon manufofin fitar da kayayyaki da kuma buƙatar da ake da ita a yanzu, farashinsa zai iya ninka ko ya ragu cikin 'yan shekaru, wanda hakan ke haifar da babbar haɗarin sarkar samar da kayayyaki.

Na biyu, iyakataccen tauri. Germanium yana da taurin Vickers na kimanin 780HV. A cikin yanayi mai tsauri tare da yashi, ƙura, ko ruwan sama, saman yana da sauƙin gogewa da karce, wanda ke iyakance tsawon lokacin aikinsa a matsayin taga ko matattarar tacewa idan aka kwatanta da kayan da suka fi tauri.

Na uku, iyakataccen kewayon watsawa. Tagar watsawa ta Germanium tana da tsawon kusan 2-15μm, yayin da watsawa ke raguwa sosai fiye da 15μm.

Gilashin Chalcogenide yana aiki daban-daban a cikin waɗannan girma uku, amma fa'idarsa a cikin kewayon watsawa tsari ne - don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar rufewa sama da 12μm a cikin infrared mai tsayi sosai, gilashin chalcogenide yana ɗaya daga cikin zaɓuɓɓuka kaɗan masu amfani. Bugu da ƙari, a matsayin kayan amorphous, ana iya samar da gilashin chalcogenide da yawa zuwa cikin siffofi masu rikitarwa ta hanyar tsarin ƙira, tare da farashin kera ƙasa da injin germanium daidai, wanda hakan ya sa ya dace da manyan aikace-aikacen farar hula.

Rufin DLC: Magance Rashin Taurin Gilashin Chalcogenide

Gilashin Chalcogenide yana da rauni sosai a fannin injiniya: taurinsa yana da ƙasa, yawanci yana tsakanin 100-200HV, ƙasa da na germanium (780HV) da silicon (1000HV). Fuskar gilashin chalcogenide mara rufi ba ta da isasshen juriya ga gogewa a cikin muhallin waje tare da yashi da ƙura, ko kuma a wuraren masana'antu da ke buƙatar tsaftacewa akai-akai - wanda ke iyakance tsawon lokacin aikinsa a cikin mawuyacin yanayi.

Rufin DLC (Diamond-Like Carbon) shine mafi girman mafita ta fasaha ga wannan matsala.

DLC wani fim ne na carbon mara tsari wanda ke da taurin Vickers wanda yawanci yake tsakanin 1500 zuwa 3000HV, ƙarancin gogayya (kimanin 0.05–0.15 a yanayin bushewa), da kuma kyakkyawan watsawa a cikin kewayon infrared mai nisa zuwa nesa. Idan aka sanya shi a saman gilashin chalcogenide, yana ƙara juriya ga lalacewa, karce, da tsatsa, yayin da yake iyakance tasirin watsawar infrared zuwa cikin maki 1-2.

Muhimmancin wannan haɗin gwiwa shine gilashin chalcogenide yana samar da watsawar infrared mai nisa-zuwa-nesa, yayin da DLC ke ba da kariya ta injiniya. Tare, suna haɗa halaye guda biyu waɗanda ba kasafai ake samun su a lokaci guda a cikin abu ɗaya ba—"watsawar broadband" da "ƙarfin muhalli"—zuwa cikin abu ɗaya na gani.

MULTI IR ta ƙirƙiro matattarar gilashin chalcogenide mai rufi da DLC, tare da hanyoyin da suka shafi tsarin substrate da yawa ciki har da As-S, As-Se, da Ge-Sb-Se. An inganta mannewa da daidaiton fina-finan DLC musamman don waɗannan substrates. Daidaitawar mannewa da daidaiton zafi tsakanin substrates na gilashin chalcogenide daban-daban da fim ɗin DLC ya bambanta sosai, yana shafar kwanciyar hankali na mannewa na Layer na DLC kai tsaye - wannan shine mafi ƙalubalen fasaha na murfin DLC akan gilashin chalcogenide, kuma shine mafi wahalar sarrafawa don daidaiton samarwa. A halin yanzu, samfuran gilashin chalcogenide mai rufi da DLC na MULTI IR ana jigilar su a cikin aikace-aikace ciki har da tagogi na infrared na soja, hoton zafi na masana'antu, da tsarin infrared mai tsayi na mota.

Mahimman Sharuɗɗan Zaɓa don Matatun Gilashin Chalcogenide

Zaɓin matakin aikace-aikace yawanci yana buƙatar tabbatar da abubuwa uku:

1. Bukatun madaurin aiki. Tsarin gilashin chalcogenide daban-daban suna da tagogi daban-daban na watsawa. Don aikace-aikacen a cikin band 8-12μm, tsarin As-Se gabaɗaya sun isa. Ga buƙatun da suka wuce 14μm, ana buƙatar tsarin abubuwan da ke ɗauke da tellurium ko mafi girma na selenium. Idan tsarin substrate ɗin bai yi daidai ba kuma transmittance ya kasa cika ƙa'idodi, babu wani tsari na rufewa da zai iya ramawa.

2. Bukatun muhallin inji. Don shigarwa a cikin gida mai ɗorewa, ana iya amfani da abubuwan da aka yi wa gilashin chalcogenide marasa rufi, tare da ƙara farashin murfin DLC. Don aikace-aikacen waje, na mota, na iska, ko na ruwa waɗanda suka haɗa da yashi, ƙura, ruwan sama, ko girgiza, rufin DLC yana da mahimmanci. Yanayin aiki yana ƙayyade ko ana buƙatar rufi, da kuma ƙayyadaddun kauri da tauri na layin DLC.

3. Canja wurin sadarwa tsakanin watsawa da toshewa. Yadda matatun gilashin chalcogenide ke watsawa yana shafar shaƙar substrate da kuma hasken saman. Rufin da ke hana haske na iya inganta watsawar kololuwa sosai, amma dole ne a yi la'akari da ƙirarsu tare da halayen gani na Layer DLC - ba za a iya inganta su daban-daban ba.

Daga tagogi masu gano abubuwa a cikin tsarin daukar hoton zafi na soja zuwa matattarar gaba a cikin masu nazarin iskar gas na farar hula, faɗin amfani da gilashin chalcogenide a cikin filin infrared mai tsaka-tsaki zuwa nesa yana nuna keɓantattun halaye na zahiri na wannan kayan: ƙalilan kayan aiki ne kawai za su iya kula da watsawa mai yawa a lokaci guda, iya sarrafawa, da kuma matakin sarrafa farashi mai ma'ana a duk faɗin taga mai girman 8-14μm.

Wannan ba wai saboda babu wanda ya nemi wasu hanyoyin ba ne—saboda kimiyyar kwayoyin halitta ta sanya babban matsayi a nan, kuma gilashin chalcogenide ya ketare shi.

Hotunan da AI ta samar

MULTIR, wani kamfani na musamman na "Ƙaramin Babban" na ƙasa, wanda ke da nau'ikan kayan haɗin infrared sama da 10,000, wanda ke cikin manyan kamfanoni uku a duniya a cikin cikakken ƙarfi, kuma shine babban mai tsara ma'aunin masana'antar matatun infrared.

Yanar Gizo: www.mirhz.com | Shafin Duniya: www.miroptech.com